Crypto parasite nhs

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Outbreaks can occur within a household or, for example, within nurseries. Animal-to-human transmission is also possible. This is commonly through contact with infected animals in farms or zoos or through contact with infected animal dung. You may also become infected if you drink contaminated water.

In fact, the largest outbreaks of cryptosporidiosis have occurred when drinking water becomes contaminated with sewage or manure. Adequate filtration of water is needed to remove the parasite. Swimming in contaminated water for example, in lakes or rivers can also cause infection. Outbreaks have also occurred through swimming pool contamination, as chlorination doesn't always kill the parasite. Eating contaminated food is a less common way that you may become infected with cryptosporidium.

For example, food that is washed in contaminated water or fruit or vegetables that are contaminated by infected manure that has been used to encourage them to grow. Unpasteurised milk may also be a source of infection. If you travel to countries which have poor sanitation, you may be at a greater risk of developing cryptosporidium infection. There were 3, confirmed cases of infection with cryptosporidium in England and Wales in , down from 4, in However, the actual number of infected people is likely to be higher, as a stool faeces sample may not be tested in the laboratory in all cases.

Anyone can develop cryptosporidiosis but it most commonly affects children under the age of 5 years. Those who look after young children are also more likely to become infected. If your immune system is not working properly for some reason - for example, you are undergoing treatment for cancer or you have HIV infection - you are more likely to have serious infection. Some people who become infected with cryptosporidium actually have no symptoms.

However, they can still pass on the infection to others. But usually infection with cryptosporidium causes a gastroenteritis-type illness. Gastroenteritis is infection of the bowels intestines. It can take between 3 to 12 days after contact with cryptosporidium before you develop symptoms. The main symptoms are watery diarrhoea with tummy abdominal cramps. Being sick vomiting , high temperature fever and loss of appetite are also common.

Symptoms usually last around 12 to 14 days but can sometimes last for as long as one month. So, symptoms tend to last for longer than with other common causes of gastroenteritis. Also, in some people, symptoms may seem to improve and then become worse again relapse before the infection clears fully.

Cryptosporidiosis is usually diagnosed when cryptosporidium is found in your stool faeces after a sample is sent to the laboratory. Occasionally, in people with a weakened immune system and a negative stool sample, cryptosporidium may be detected after a biopsy of the stomach or bowel.

A biopsy is a procedure which involves taking a small sample of tissue from the body so that it can be looked at in detail. Most people with cryptosporidiosis do not need any specific medication or treatment.

Their immune system will usually work to clear the infection. Some studies have shown that medicines such as nitazoxanide may help clear symptoms more quickly in some people. However, this medicine is not routinely used in the UK.

More evidence is needed regarding possible medicines to treat cryptosporidium infection. If you have cryptosporidiosis, there are things that you can do to ease your symptoms and to help avoid complications while your immune system is doing the work. Most importantly, you should make sure that you drink plenty of fluids.

The aim is to prevent lack of fluid in the body dehydration , or to treat dehydration if it has developed. Once any dehydration is corrected, you should eat as normally as possible. For most adults, fluids drunk to keep hydrated should include water, fruit juice and soups.

It is best not to have drinks that contain a lot of sugar, such as cola or pop, as they can sometimes make diarrhoea worse. Rehydration drinks are usually recommended in people who are frail, or over the age of 60, or who have underlying health problems. They are made from sachets that you can buy from pharmacies. The sachets are also available on prescription.

You add the contents of the sachet to water. Rehydration drinks provide a good balance of water, salts and sugar. The small amount of sugar and salt helps the water to be absorbed better from the gut intestines into the body.

They do not stop or reduce diarrhoea. Note : if you suspect that you are dehydrated, you should contact a doctor. Symptoms of dehydration in adults include tiredness, dizziness or light-headedness, headache, muscular cramps, sunken eyes, passing little urine, a dry mouth and tongue, weakness and becoming irritable. Symptoms of severe dehydration in adults include profound loss of enthusiasm apathy , weakness, confusion, rapid heart rate, coma and producing very little urine.

This is a medical emergency and immediate medical attention is needed. You should encourage your child to take plenty of fluids. The aim is to prevent dehydration. The fluid lost in their diarrhoea needs to be replaced. Your child should continue with their normal diet and usual drinks.

In addition, they should also be encouraged to drink extra fluids. However, avoid fruit juices or fizzy drinks, as these can make diarrhoea worse. Babies aged under 6 months are at increased risk of dehydration. You should seek medical advice if they develop infection of the bowels gastroenteritis.

Breast or bottle feeds should be encouraged as normal. You may find that your baby's demand for feeds increases. You may also be advised to give extra fluids either water or rehydration drinks in between feeds.

Rehydration drinks may be suggested by a healthcare professional for children at increased risk of dehydration. They are made from sachets available from pharmacies and on prescription. You should be given instructions about how much to give. Rehydration drinks provide a perfect balance of water, salts, and sugar.

The small amount of sugar and salt helps the water to be absorbed better from the gut into the body. Rehydration drinks are cheap and readily available in the UK and are the best treatment for your child. If your child vomits, wait minutes and then start giving drinks again but more slowly for example, a spoonful every minutes. Use of a syringe can help in younger children who may not be able to take sips. Note : if you suspect that your child is dehydrated, or is becoming dehydrated, you should seek medical advice.

Symptoms of dehydration in children include passing little urine, a dry mouth, a dry tongue and lips, fewer tears when crying, sunken eyes, weakness, being irritable or lacking in energy lethargic. Symptoms of severe dehydration in children include drowsiness, pale or mottled skin, cold hands or feet, very few wet nappies and fast but often shallow breathing. If your child is mildly dehydrated, this may be treated by giving them rehydration drinks. Read the instructions carefully for advice about how to make up the drinks and about how much to give.

This can depend on the age and the weight of your child. If you are breastfeeding, you should continue with this during this time. Otherwise, don't give your child any other drinks unless the doctor or nurse has said that this is OK. It is important that your child should be rehydrated before they have any solid food. Sometimes a child may need to be admitted to hospital for treatment if they are dehydrated.

Treatment in hospital usually involves giving rehydration solution via a special tube called a 'nasogastric tube'. This tube passes through your child's nose, down their throat and directly into their stomach.

An alternative treatment is with fluids given directly into a vein intravenous fluids. In children, correcting any dehydration is the first priority when they have cryptosporidiosis. However, if your child is not dehydrated most cases or once any dehydration has been corrected, encourage your child to have their normal diet. Do not 'starve' your child. This used to be advised but is now known to be wrong. For adults, it is also advised not to 'starve' yourself but to eat small, light meals if you can.

Be guided by your appetite. You may not feel like food and most adults can do without food for a few days. Eat as soon as you are able but don't stop drinking. Parasites - Cryptosporidium also known as "Crypto". Section Navigation. Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Syndicate. Minus Related Pages. Learn more about Cryptosporidium. New report: U. Cryptosporidiosis Outbreaks - Information for Specific Groups. Health Promotion Materials. CDC at Work: Cryptosporidium. Links with this icon indicate that you are leaving the CDC website.

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